Condition Basics

What are dementia-related hallucinations and delusions?

Hallucinations and delusions can happen in people who are living with dementia. When someone hallucinates, they see, hear, or smell something that isn't there. Delusions are false beliefs or ideas. For example, a person may believe that a longtime neighbor is now a spy sent to watch them.

What causes dementia-related hallucinations and delusions?

A number of things can play a role. They include:

• Changes in the brain that happen with dementia.
• Some medicines.
• Untreated vision or hearing problems.
• Changes in environment.
• Stress.
• Illness.

How can you care for someone who is having dementia-related hallucinations or delusions?

When someone with dementia starts having delusions or hallucinations, it can be concerning or even upsetting at times. You may not always know how best to support them. And while every person's needs will be different, these tips can help.

• Be sure what they're describing is in fact false. For example, it's pretty unlikely a longtime neighbor has suddenly become a spy. But if someone lives in a long-term care facility and they claim they are being hurt or stolen from, those claims should be thoroughly looked into.
• Get treatment for all hearing and vision needs. Vision or hearing changes can worsen hallucinations.
• Watch for patterns. Pay attention to the times that hallucinations or delusions happen. This can sometimes help you find triggers or help you anticipate them.
• Be patient. It can be uncomfortable or even upsetting when someone is having hallucinations or delusions. But remember that what they're seeing and hearing feels real to them.
• Acknowledge the person's experience. For example, you can let them know that you believe they are seeing what they say they are. And you can gently tell them that you aren't seeing the same thing.
• Reassure. When hallucinations or delusions are upsetting, stay calm and reassure the person that they're safe.
• Gently redirect. Try to shift the person's focus to something else, especially something they enjoy. It could be an activity, a television show, or a walk outdoors.
• Avoid big changes in surroundings. Don't move furniture around or redecorate rooms. And if you can, avoid frequent travel.
• Keep daily routines as consistent as possible. Changes in routine can cause stress and confusion, which can increase delusions and hallucinations.
• Work with the person's doctor. Make sure the doctor knows about the hallucinations or delusions. Sometimes adding new medicines or adjusting current medicines can help. And notify the doctor if the person's hallucinations or delusions get worse.
• If you're a caregiver, take care of yourself too. It might be hard to remember to put yourself first sometimes, but it's important. Make time for activities that give you rest or help you feel recharged.